Thermodynamics Workbench
Nine calculators and visualizations for ideal gases, heat capacity, expansion, engines, entropy, conduction, thermal radiation, and phase changes.
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How this tool works
The workbench separates nine common thermodynamics models into focused tabs with live reference diagrams.
Every numerical field is safety-clamped before calculation and rendering.
Core equations
ideal gas: PV = nRTsensible heat: Q = mcΔTthermal expansion: ΔL = αL₀ΔTCarnot efficiency: η = 1 − T_C/T_Hentropy: ΔS = Q_rev/T or mc ln(T₂/T₁)layered conduction: R_total = ΣL/(kA)thermal radiation: P = εσAT⁴phase change: Q = mcΔT + mLAssumptions
- Temperatures used in gas, engine, entropy, and radiation equations are absolute temperatures.
- Material properties are treated as constant over each selected interval.
- Conduction is one-dimensional and steady-state with perfect layer contact.
- Blackbody calculations use the graybody approximation with wavelength-independent emissivity.
Limitations
- Real gases, transient conduction, convective correlations, detailed spectral emissivity, and multi-phase equilibrium are outside the current models.
- Results are educational estimates and are not safety-critical design certification.